Melasma and hyperpigmentation are common skin conditions characterized by dark patches or spots caused by excess melanin production. Melasma often appears as larger, symmetrical patches, particularly on the face, and is frequently triggered by hormonal changes, sun exposure, or genetic predisposition. Hyperpigmentation refers to localized or scattered areas of darkened skin resulting from sun damage, acne scarring, or inflammation. While these conditions are harmless, they can affect self-confidence, making treatment to restore an even skin tone highly desirable.